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Between deterrence and diplomacy: The Philippines’ security crossroads

THE Philippines is facing one of its most complex security challenges in decades, caught between rising tensions in the West Philippine Sea, growing cyber threats and questions of domestic governance.

In recent weeks, Chinese Coast guard ships collided with Philippine vessels near Bajo de Masinloc (Scarborough Shoal), Beijing announced its plan to establish in contested waters a “nature reserve,” and experts uncovered Chinese-linked malware targeting the military.