BUENOS AIRES — Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have created widespread expectations of substantial productivity gains. Early studies, such as one showing that AI increased the productivity of customer-support agents by 15 percent on average (with less experienced workers getting a much bigger boost), as well as emerging evidence of AI-driven productivity gains in macro data, have further elevated hopes for a boom in output per worker.

As with past innovations, a key question is how the gains from productivity growth will be distributed. Historically, technological advances have disrupted labor markets and often widened gaps in earnings and employment between individuals according to their educational attainment. More than half of the overall changes in the US wage structure over the last four decades can be attributed to a relative decline in wages for blue-collar workers in manufacturing and clerical jobs whose routine tasks could be automated.

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